- From YouTube, “Film Before Film – Phenakistoscope, Zootrope, Praxinoscope,” here
- From Colossal, “155 Years Before the First Animated Gif, Joseph Plateau Set Images in Motion with the Phenakistoscope,” here
- From the Internet, Richard Balzer Collection, here
- From Vimeo, “L’illusion de Joseph,” created and Directed by Pask D’Amico for Klesha Productions, here
- From YouTube, “Théâtre Optique d’Émile Reynaud. Museu del Cinema,” here
- From YouTube, “Disney Reenactment, Theatre Optique,” here
Emile Reynaud
- From YouTube, “Pauvre Pierrot (1892) – World’s 1st Animated Cartoon – Emile Reynaud,” here
- From YouTube, “Autour d’une cabine – Emile Reynaud, 1894,” here
- From the Internet, Bill Brand’s “Masstransicsope,” here
- From Colossal, “Pottery Meets Experimental Animation in this Spinning Ceramic Phonotrope,” here
- From Colossal, “Fascinating 3D-Printed Fibonacci Zoetrope Sculptures,” here, and here
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